Sclerotherapy of benign oral vascular lesions with non-diluted ethanolamine oleate / Escleroterapia de lesiones vasculares orales benignas con oleato de etanolamina no diluido

Benign oral vascular lesions are anomalies characterized by the blood vessels proliferation or malformation and the treatment with the sclerosing agent ethanolamine oleate acts irrigating the vessel producing a sterile inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to report and discuss the results from treatment of benign oral vascular lesions with non-diluted ethanolamine oleate through the analysis of clinical records. The sample was composed by the selection of twenty-six patients (12 male and 14 female), with oral vascular malformations. All lesions were treated with intralesional injections of undiluted ethanolamine oleate. These patients attended in Oral Medicine outpatient clinic of the Federal University of Paraná between the years of 2011 to 2015. The average age was 60.65 years, with a higher prevalence for women. The majority of the individuals had one lesion and its location was mostly in the lower lip. The main complaint was about a physical discomfort. The lesions had the average size of 6.52 mm and received a median number of 2.32 applications. Only one patient reported feeling pain in the postoperative week. In most cases the resolution of the lesion was considered partial. Follow-up was obtained up to one month after the end of treatment. The sclerotherapy with undiluted ethanolamine oleate shows acceptable results in the treatment of small benign oral vascular lesions with a few minor side effects.

Las lesiones vasculares orales benignas son anomalías caracterizadas por la proliferación o malformación de los vasos sanguíneos y el tratamiento con el agente esclerosante etanolamina oleato actúa irrigando el vaso produciendo una respuesta inflamatoria estéril. El objetivo de este estudio fue informar y discutir los resultados del tratamiento de lesiones vasculares orales benignas con oleato de etanolamina no diluido a través del análisis de historias clínicas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por la selección de veintiséis pacientes (12 hombres y 14 mujeres), con malformaciones vasculares orales. Todas las lesiones fueron tratadas con inyecciones intralesionales de oleato de etanolamina sin diluir. Estos pacientes acudieron a la clínica ambulatoria de Medicina Oral de la Universidad Federal de Paraná entre los años 2011 a 2015. La edad promedio fue de 60,65 años, con una mayor prevalencia para las mujeres. La mayoría de los individuos tenían una lesión y su ubicación era principalmente en el labio inferior. La queja principal era sobre una molestia física. Las lesiones tenían un tamaño promedio de 6,52 mm y recibieron una mediana de 2,32 aplicaciones. Solo un paciente informó haber sentido dolor en la semana postoperatoria. En la mayoría de los casos, la resolución de la lesión se consideró parcial. El seguimiento se obtuvo hasta un mes después del final del tratamiento. La escleroterapia con oleato de etanolamina sin diluir muestra resultados aceptables en el tratamiento de pequeñas lesiones vasculares orales benignas con algunos efectos secundarios menores.

Sclerotherapy as an esthetic indication in oral vascular malformations: a case series

Abstract Background The use of monoethanolamine oleate 5% is effective for the treatment of vascular malformations with low blood flow. Objectives To report a case series of vascular malformations in the mouth and oral cavity treated with monoethanolamine oleate 5%. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was performed in electronic patient charts covering seven years. Patient demographics, diagnostic resources, lesion site, size, and number of applications of monoethanolamine oleate 5% were collected. Results A total of 21 vascular malformations were recorded, located mostly on the lower lip (52.3%) and resolved in a single application in 14 patients. The authors found 19 patients treated with sclerotherapy. Thirteen were women and six were men, with a mean age of 61 years. Study limitation Small sample size. Conclusions Sclerotherapy is an effective treatment for vascular malformations of the lips and oral cavity, with resolution after only one or two applications (n = 16).

Ponderal behavior of rats fed an omegas 3, 6 and 9 enriched diet submitted to colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane

PURPOSE: To assess weight changes in rats fed diets with different ratios of omegas 3, 6 and 9 submitted to colonic carcinogenesis induced by Azoxymethane (AOM). METHODS: Sixty rats with three weeks of life were distributed into five groups of specific diets containing 12 animals each: GI- Standard diet without adminstration of AOM, GII- Standard diet with adminstration of AOM; GIII- Hyperlipidic diet with adminstration of AOM; GIV-Normolipidic diet with adminstration of AOM; GV- Hypolipidic diet with adminstration of AOM. The weight and food intake of each group were assessed four times in each week throughout the experiment until euthanasia at 36th week. RESULTS: GI and GII had no significant difference in weight. GI showed a significant increase when compared to GIII, GIV and GV. GII also showed a significant increase when compared to GIII, GIV and GV. When comparing intake of GI as compared to GII no significant difference was found, however such groups had higher intake than groups III, IV and V. There were found no difference in weight when comparing amoung rats with and without cancer within each groups: GII, GIII, GIV and GV. CONCLUSIONS: Diets rich in omega 3, 6 and 9 reduced food intake and weight. Rats with colorectal cancer had no decrease in weight as compared to those without this condition in the same group.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Intralesional Steroid Injection in a Central Giant Cell Granuloma Affecting the Gingiva: A New Clinical Approach

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign jaw lesion predominantly found in the mandible of young female patients with a variable clinical behavior. Although surgical management is regarded as the main treatment modality for this lesion, the use of intralesional injections of steroids has been recently advocated for its treatment. In addition to this conservative management, the use of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for diagnosing CGCGs has been proven a safe and efficient approach, especially useful in cases with lesions located in esthetic regions. Herein, it is described a case of CGCG extending to the overlying gingiva of a 15-year-old male patient diagnosed by FNAC and subsequently treated with intralesional injections of a solution of triamcinolone acetonide and ethanolamine oleate that led to an important clinical remission, allowing a more conservative surgical procedure for preservation of gingival esthetics. Therefore, both procedures can be considered as management options for CGCG of the jaws.

O granuloma central de células gigantes (GCCG) é uma lesão benigna dos maxilares predominantemente encontrada na mandíbula de pacientes jovens do sexo feminino com um variado comportamento clínico. Apesar de o manejo cirúrgico representar a principal modalidade terapêutica para esta lesão, o uso de injeções intralesionais de esteróides tem sido recentemente proposto para seu tratamento. Além do manejo conservador, o uso da punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) para o diagnóstico do GCCG tem sido comprovado ser uma abordagem segura e eficiente, especialmente útil em casos de lesões localizadas em regiões estéticas. Descrevemos aqui um caso de GCCG estendendo-se para a gengiva adjacente em um paciente do sexo masculino, 15 anos de idade, diagnosticado por meio da PAAF e subsequentemente tratado com injeções intralesionais de uma solução de acetato de triancinolona e oleato de etanolamina que levou a uma importante remissão clínica, permitindo a realização de uma abordagem cirúrgica conservadora preservando a estética periodontal. Por este motivo, ambos os procedimentos podem ser considerados opções de manejo para o GCCG dos maxilares.

The Role of Divided Injections of a Sclerotic Agent over Two Days in Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for Large Gastric Varices

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and usefulness of a two-tiered approach to balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) as a treatment for large gastric varices after portal hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 50 patients were studied who underwent B-RTO for gastric varices between October 2004 and October 2011 in our institution. The B-RTO procedure was performed from the right femoral vein and the B-RTO catheter was retained until the following morning. Distribution of sclerotic agents in the gastric varices on fluoroscopy was evaluated in all patients on days 1 and 2. When distribution of sclerotic agents in the gastric varices on day 1 had been none or very scanty even though the volume of the sclerotic agent infused was above the acceptable level, a second infusion was administered on day 2. When distribution was satisfactory, the B-RTO catheter was removed. RESULTS: In 8 (16%) patients, little or no sclerotic agent infused on day 1 was distributed in the gastric varices. However, on day 2, sclerotic agents were distributed in all gastric varices. Mean volume of ethanolamine oleate-iopamidol infused on day 1 was 24.6 mL and was 19.4 mL on day 2. Gastric varices were well obliterated with no recurrence. Complications caused by the sclerotic agent such as pulmonary edema or renal insufficiencies were not seen. CONCLUSION: When gastric varices are very large, a strategy involving thrombosis of only the drainage vein on the first day followed by infusing the sclerotic agent on the following day might be effective and feasible.

Modulation of Antibody Responses against Gnathostoma spinigerum in Mice Immunized with Crude Antigen Formulated in CpG Oligonucleotide and Montanide ISA720

This study aimed to investigate the antibody responses in mice immunized with Gnathostoma spinigerum crude antigen (GsAg) incorporated with the combined adjuvant, a synthetic oligonucleotide containing unmethylated CpG motif (CpG ODN 1826) and a stable water in oil emulsion (Montanide ISA720). Mice immunized with GsAg and combined adjuvant produced all antibody classes and subclasses to GsAg except IgA. IgG2a/2b/3 but not IgG1 subclasses were enhanced by immunization with CpG ODN 1826 when compared with the control groups immunized with non-CpG ODN and Montanide ISA or only with Montanide ISA, suggesting a biased induction of a Th1-type response by CpG ODN. After challenge infection with live G. spinigerum larvae, the levels of IgG2a/2b/3 antibody subclasses decreased immediately and continuously, while the IgG1 subclass remained at high levels. This also corresponded to a continuous decrease of the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio after infection. Only IgM and IgG1 antibodies, but not IgG2a/2b/3, were significantly produced in adjuvant control groups after infection. These findings suggest that G. spinigerum infection potently induces a Th2-type biased response.

Pulmonary function changes after ethanolamine oleate injection VS band ligation in the treatment of esophageal varices

Introduction: The complications of injection sclerotherapy can be divided broadly into two categories, those occurring at the site of injection and those resulting from systemic dissemination of the sclerosant through the paraesophageal and azygos veins; this has been shown radiologically. Endoscopic variceal ligation [EVL] was developed as an alternative endoscopic method of treating esophageal varices with the anticipation that EVL would be as effective as EIS, but with fewer complications. We aimed in this study to assess the safety of both procedures for the lung

Patients and methods: We studied 28 patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension, 14 patients underwent injection sclerotherapy of ethanolamine oleate and the other 14 underwent band ligation. All patients underwent spirometery and ABG pre, 2 days and 3 weeks from the procedures

Results: Two days after the procedures the PEF and FEF 50 decreased highly significantly in EST patients when compared to EBL patients [P value less than 0.001], and FEV1, FVC, FEF25, FEF75, Pao2 and o2 sat decreased significantly in the same group by a P value of less than 0.05. After 3 weeks from the procedures the VCin, VCex, FEV1, FVC and FEF25 decreased highly significantly in the EST group [P value was less than 0.001], and the FEF 50, PEF, PACO2, PAO2 and O2 SAT decreased significantly in the same group. And there was a significant decrease of flow, FEV1 and FVC 2 days after the EST group with a highly significant decrease of PAO2 and O2SAT when compared to the same patients before the EST and we found a highly significant decrease of VC, FEV1, FVC, PAO2 and O2 SAT pre and 3 weeks from EST

Conclusions: From this study we conclude that the band ligation is safe for the lung and may be an option to eradicate esophageal varices in chronic lung disease patients

Development of Thrombus in a Systemic Vein after Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the frequency and risk factors for developing thrombus in a systemic vein such as the infrarenal inferior vena cava or the iliac vein, in which a balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) catheter was indwelled. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-nine patients who underwent B-RTO for gastric varices were included in this study. The B-RTO procedure was performed from the right femoral vein, and the B-RTO catheter was retained overnight in all patients. Pre- and post-procedural CT scans were retrospectively compared in order to evaluate the development of thrombus in the systemic vein in which the catheter was indwelled. Additionally, several variables were analyzed to assess risk factors for thrombus in a systemic vein. RESULTS: In all 49 patients (100%), B-RTO was technically successful, and in 46 patients (94%), complete thrombosis of the gastric varices was achieved. In 6 patients (12%), thrombus developed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava or the right common-external iliac vein. All thrombi lay longitudinally on the right side of the inferior vena cava or the right iliac vein. One of the aforementioned 6 patients required anticoagulation therapy. No symptoms suggestive of pulmonary embolism were observed. Prothrombin time-international normalized ratio and the addition of 5% ethanolamine oleate iopamidol, on the second day, were related to the development of thrombus. CONCLUSION: Development of a thrombus in a systemic vein such as the inferior vena cava or iliac vein, caused by indwelling of the B-RTO catheter, is relatively frequent. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of pulmonary embolism due to iliocaval thrombosis.

Endoscopic sclerotherapy for bleeding oesophageal varices: experience in Sudan.

INTRODUCTION: Bleeding due to oesophageal varices is the commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage in Sudan. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EST) is a valuable therapeutic modality for the management of variceal bleeding. Other options for treatment such as variceal banding are either expensive or unavailable. STUDY AIMS: A retrospective study to evaluate the outcome of EST in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices due to portal hypertension in a developing country (Sudan). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1070 patients over a period of 10 years (1986-1996) were studied. Inclusion criteria was bleeding oesophageal varices consequent to portal hypertension. EST was performed using a standard technique. Ethanolamine oleate 5% was the sclerosing agent utilized. The procedure was done on a day- case basis. RESULTS: There were 904 males (84.5%) and 166 females (15.5%). The cause of portal hypertension was schistosomal periportal fibrosis (PPF) in 999 (93.3%) patients, liver cirrhosis 59 (5.5%), mixed PPF and cirrhosis 5 (0.46%), portal vein thrombosis 6 (0.64%) and congenital hepatic fibrosis was present in 1 patient. A total of 100 (9.4%) patients presented with bleeding which occurred after surgery. Full obliteration of varices required a mean of 4 sessions with a range of 2-6. 462 (43.2%) have been followed up until complete sclerosis of varices. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that endoscopic injection sclerotherapy is an essential component in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices caused by portal hypertension. It is a feasible and a cost-effective therapeutic strategy in developing countries.

Effect of lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase inhibition on oleic acid-induced lung oedema

Luego de una infusión de ácido oleico (AO) durante 10 minutos, se estudió la contribución de los metabolitos secundarios de la cicloxigénasa y de la lipoxigenasa en la hemodinamia y en la formación de edema en 21 pulmones aislados de conejo, mediante el registro de los cambios de la Tasa de Filtración de Líquido (TFL) y de la Presión de la Arteria Pulmonar (PAP). Cincuenta minutos antes de la infusión de AO se petrataron 7 pulmones con indometacina (inhibidor de cicloxigenasa), y 7 con diestilcarbamacina (inhibidor de lipoxigenasa). Siete no fueron retratados (grupo control). A los 12 minutos después de la infusión de AO (7.6ñ2.3 mg x min vs. 2.3ñ0.8 mg x min**-1 y 0.96ñ0.8 mg x min**-1 respectivamente) (p<0.01) se obtuvo que la TFL en el grupo de indometacina resultó mucho mayor que en el grupo control de indometacina resultó mucho mayor que en el grupo control y que en el grupo tratado con dietilcarbamacina (DEC). A los 20 minutos de la infusión, la TFL en los pulmones control resultó significativamente mayor que el valor correspondiente al grupo de DEC (4.2ñ0.5 mg x min vs. 1.6ñ1.0 mg x min**-1) (p<0.01). La Presión Media de la Arteria Pulmonar (PMAP) aumentó tanto en el grupo control como en el grupo de indometacina (de 16.0ñ2.0 Torr a 24.3ñ3.7 Torr luego de transcurrir 20 minutos de la infusión de AO y de 14.4ñ2.5 Torr a 24.6ñ3.6 Torr a los 10 minutos de la infusión de AO respectivamente); sin embargo, el valor de PMAP en el grupo de DEC no tuvo un cambio significativo al transcurrir 30 minutos luego de la infusión de AO (de 14.7ñ1.5 Torr a 16.0 ñ2.3 Torr) (p>0.05). Por lo tanto, concluimos que la inhibición selectiva de los metabolitos de la 5-lipoxigenasa (leucotrienos) pueden desempeñar un papel protector en el edema inducido por AO, mientras que la inhibición selectiva de la cicloxigenasa puede traer como consecuencia un efecto nocivo en la permeabilidad endotelial y en la hemodinamia en nuestra condición experimental

Synthesis and contents of pancreatic exportable enzymes: effect of oleic acid intraduodenal administration

Ratas Sprague-Dawley fueron estimuladas intraduadernalmente con ácido oleico y sacrificadas 20, 40, 60 y 80 m luego de la instilación. En todos los grupos se administró, 10m antes del sacrifício, 50 uCi de 3H-fenilalanina (3H-F) intraperitoneal. Se cuantificaron los niveles intrapancreáticos de Am, Chtg, Tg y Li y la incorporación de 3H-F en las proteínas secretoras. A los 40 m de la administración de ácido oleico se registró la máxima estimulación de ácido oleico se registró la máxima estimulación para Chtg (45%), Tg (38%) y Li (23%) por sobre los valores controles, no modificándose la Am. Todos los valores enzimáticos cayeron por debajo de los controles a los 60 y 80 minutos. La incorporación 3H-F fue máxima a los 40 m decayendo a tiempos más prolongados. En el presente trabajo demostramos que la administración intraduodenal de ácido oleico genera un aumento no paralelo en el nivel intrapancreático de algunas enzimas exportables, y que dichos valores caen a partir de los 40 m post-instilación, siendo la síntesis proteica afectada de manera similar